Paper making machine



C zzelablorize k/ZQ E N R O B A E S R C PAPER MAKING MACHINE originalFiled Nov. 24

Reissued Dec. 28, 1937 Charles R.; Seaborne, Appleton, Wis., assignor,by

mesne assignments, to American Company, Waukegan, Ill.,

Delaware Original No. Serial No.

sages The present invention has for its object to provide improved meanswhereby a web of paper as it passes through a paper-making machine maybe impressed with designs or 'marks ccmmonly termed water-marks, whichserve to identify or give distinctive character to the paper. Watermarks are of two general types. One oi these types includes the ordinaryidentifying bondor trade-mark which is placed in practically all highquality papers. This mark is ordinarily visible only by transmittedlight, i. .0. by holding the sheet of paper wherein it appears 'againsta source of light. The other type of water mark includes those markingswhich are provided for ornamental purposes. Wrapping paper is frequentlymarked in this manner as an advertising means. These ornamental markingsare clearly visible either by reflected or transmitted light and in thisrespect differ from the ordinary water mark winch is visible only bytransmitted light.

To produce the ordinary or trade-mark type of water marking, the typefirst described, the time-honored practice has been to apply smallraised type members to the dandy roll of the paper making machine. Thedandy roll, as is well known in the art, is a very light weight,reticulated hollow roll which rests upon the upper surface of the paperweb while it is still carried on the Fourdrinier wire of the papermaking machine. More recently, these trade-marks or 'identifying markshave been produced by the aid of so-called Behrend bands which aresmall,

- of Athe bands on their supports is not objectioniiexible, narrow bandsoi rubber upon the outer surface of which are molded in relief,characters" or designs corresponding to the desired trademark or watermark. These Behrend bands and their supports are arranged on a shaftextending across the paper machine and bear lightly upon the paper webusually at some point between the couch roll and the main drying sectionoi' the machine. With this ordinary type oi' markingl the marks areusually relatively independentof .each other and widely spaced, hencethe designs are not required to be synchronized `or to register witheach other, and any creeping able, Furthermore, since the marks arepurely for .identiflcation for trade-mark purposes, sharpness ofoutlineA is not required, nor need the mark possess anymore distinctnessthan is requiredto enable it to`be identified by transmitted light. Theprinciples of construction and manner of using Behrend' bands aredisclosed Lakes Paper a corporation of 1,517,018, dated November 25,192?, 676,705, November 24, 1923. Appli-A cation for'reissue June 25,1936, Serial N0.

5 claims. (Cl. sae-48) I in United States Reissue Patent No. 12,218issued to Ernest R. Behrend on May 10, 1904.

0n the other hand, in ornamentally marking paper such as wrapping palperby means of the water marking method, sharpness of outline, dis- 5tinctness and contrast when examined by ordinary light arepre-requisites for saleability, and a radically diierent type of deviceand method oi marking must be employed. In order'to obtain the desiredcontrast in the finished sheet, pressures many times greater than thoseemployed in ordinary identification water marking as by the dandy rollor Behrend band methods must be employed, and such pressures mustobviously be applied at some point in the travel of the web where theweb is sumciently strong, i. e. suiilciently dry,` to withstand thepressure imposed Without injury. In the case of wrapping paper, thismeans that the marking .must be effected after the paper has beenapplied vto the heated zo drier or to one of the heated driers of thedrying end lof the machine. The type of marking equipment and themarking methods in general use in this country for ornamental markingpaper prior to my invention are illustrated in United States Patent No.733,709, issued to` O. M. Farwell on Jrly 14, 1903.

Rolls according to the Farwell invention are used solely for theproduction of ornamentally marked paper, and during the markingoperation the web of paper passes through the nip formed by the markingroll and the drying 4cylinder. Because of the heavy compressive forcenecessary in order to effect a'satisfactory im# printing of the designon theweb, and to prevent cutting of, or injury to, the web it has beenfound necessary to wrap v'the surface of the marking roll with one ormore layers of muslin or like fabric through which the impression of thetypes or plates was delivered. A serious objection has been found to theemployment of marking rolls bearing metal types or plates and wrappedwith muslin or like fabric, as the fabric is speedily cut through orworn by the type so that it becomes necessary to frequently withdraw themarking roll in order to re-wrap the same with a fresh cloth.Particularly is this objection encountered with marking rolls of veryconsiderl ablevlength, since with such rolls it is found `necessary, inorder to compensate for the 50 becomes necessary to withdraw and re-wrapmarking rolls having metal type or plates upon their peripheries asoften as every three or four hours, and particularly with 'very widemachines, such, for example, as are used in forming webs of paper 124inches in width, the cost of supplying fresh wrappings for a markingroll will add very largely to the manufacturers cost of the paper.Moreover, when the marking rolls are withdrawn from the paper-makingmachines to permit their rolls to be re-wrapped, it is customary toallow the operation of the machine to continue, with the result that thepaper issuing from the machine while the rolls are thus withdrawn isunmarked and is subsequently gathered up and returned to the beaters tobe reconverted into pulp. This occasions a further and very considerableloss to the manufacturer, as the time consumed in re-wrapping suchmarking rolls is usually about twenty minutes.l

lA further serious objection arises in the use of marking rolls such asare disclosed in the Farwell patent due to their'inherent inability tobe used in direct contact with the web of paper which is being marked inthat the layer or layers of fabric intermediate the marking surface ofthe roll and the web prevent the securing of fine lined markings on theweb.

'I'he principal object of the present invention is to overcome theobjectionable characteristics of the Farwell method of ornamentallymarking paper and to provide a marking roll which may be used in directcontact with the web of paper which is to be marked thereby.

Reduced to its simplest aspects, the present invention consists insubstituting for the prior art metal surface Farwell marking roll amarking roll which comprises a rigid central support and a continuousouter sleeve-like layer of hard rubber the surface of which is groundconcentric with the axis of rotation of the roll. From the finishedcrowned surface of this outer sleeve, portions of the material will beremoved as by grinding or cutting, i. e. engraving, so as to leave landsconstituting the design which it is desired to mark on the paper. Duringthe marking operation these lands will compress the web so as to form acorresponding design thereon which will appear darker than theuncompressed portions of the web when the finished sheet is viewed byordinary or reflected light. The pressures utilized in accomplishingmarking by the use of this roll are of course commensurate with thepressures utilized in accomplishing mark-y ing by the Farwellroll andhence are of great magnitude.

Through this relatively simple arrangement a number of highly desirableand most unexpected results are accomplished. Particularly the markingsurface of such a roll may be caused to directly contact the web whichis to be marked thereby without danger of cutting or injuring that webduring the marking-operation. This means that much more accurate, muchmore delicate, and much more sharply defined markings may beaccomplished through the use of my invention than has heretofore beenvconsidered possible. Further, as will be pointed out in subsequentparagraphs, very substantial reductions in the cost of making the paperis accomplished. A preferred form of the invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawing .wherein- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing apavcover may be securely vulcanized.

per-making machine of the Fourdrinier type having -my invention appliedthereto;

Fig. 2 is a view in vertical longitudinal section.

through my improved marking roll;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view in vertical section through the marking roll;and

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the marking roll wrappedwith muslin or like fabric.

The paper-making machine illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawing is shownas comprising the usual forming wire A that passes over a breast roll aat the pulp-receiving end of the machine, over the tube rolls a',suction boxes a2 and between couch rolls B and B', in a manner wellunderstood. Around the upper couch roll B and under the press roll Cpasses an endless felt D, this felt also passing around a pressure rollE, a tail roll e, and around a series of tightener, guide and carryingrolls shown above the upper couch roll B. .A lower endless felt F passesaround a -plurality of felt-carrying rolls f over the lower press rollC', and around an end felt roll f'. 'I'he web of paper as it passes fromthe surface of the forming wire A adheres to the bottom of the upperendless felt D and passes with said felt and over the lower endless feltF lbetween the press rolls C and C. and thence with the felt D aroundthe tail roll e and vbetween the pressure roll E and the drying cylinderG to the surface of which the endless paper web adheres. From the dryingcylinder G the web of paper will be passed in the usual manner eitherdirectly to the winding reels or through additional drying cylinders orcalender rolls..

My improved marking roll is preferably locat-y ed adjacent the dryingcylinder G so as to cooperate therewith in marking the surface of thepartially dried endless paperweb; but this marking roll may be locatedin any other suitable position to cooperate with any other roll for themarking of the paper web. This marking roll in the preferred form of theinvention (see Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawing), comprises a metal cylinderH, the surface of which is covered with a layer of hard rubber hvulcanized thereon and forming preferably a continuous sleeve or tubearound the surface of the roll body H. In practice it is found that thislayer of vulcanized hard rubber h may be about 1A of an inch inthickness, although this thickness may be increased or diminished asdesired. Over the layer of hard rubber H and vulcanized thereto isanother layer or sleeve of soft rubberh which may be approximately aboutof an inch in thickness, and over the layer of. soft rubber h andvulcanized thereto is an outer layer or sleeve of hard rub-` ber h2 thatis preferably about 1; of an inch in thickness. By providing the`surface of the metal cylinderuH with a layer of hard rubber vulcanizedthereto, it is found that all possibility of any slipping or creepingoccurring between the metal surface of the cylinder H and the Vhardrubber cover or layer Vh. is avoided; and this surface or cover h ofhard rubber affords a base to which the soft rubber layerl h of the Thissoft rubber layer h' affords'a cushion for the outer layer h2 of hardrubber in or on the surface of which is to be formed the designs, type,or the like, whereby the marking or ornamenting of the paperweb will beeiected. the outer layer of'hard rubber h2 is vulcanized to the layer ofsoft rubber h', all possibility of Inasmuch as any slipping or creepingbetween these two surfaces is avoided.

Preferably the outer diameter of the metal cylinder H is uniform fromend to end, but in order the peripheral surface of the outermost hardrubber layer or cover h2 will be turned or ground down, the grinding orturning being diminished towards the center of the roll, so that theroll is thus left slightly crowned. From the finished, crowned surfaceof the outermost cover h2 portions of the material will be removed bygrinding or cutting i. e. engraving, so as to leave landsconstitutinglthe designs which it is desired to impress upon the surfaceof the paper web. In Fig. 2 of the drawing, the surface of the hardrubber cover h2 is shown as formed with a series of circumferential ribsand grooves adapted to mark stripes upon the endless paper web. Oneadvantage of providing a soft rubber cushion h' for the outermost hardrubber cover h2 is that in case any irregularity or excess thicknessoccurs in the paper web, the soft rubber cushion h' will permit the hardrubber cover h2 to yield or give and thus avoid all danger of impairingthe impression surface of the marking roll. Moreover, it is practicallyimpossible to form the surface of the drying cylinder G perfectlyuniform from end toend tures to which such cylinder is subjected, and byyieldingly mounting the hard rubber cover h2 carrying the impressionsurface upon a yielding cushion or cover h', the inequalities of thedrying cylinder are compensated for and uniformity of impression uponthe paper is secured.-

In some cases where it is desired to modify or soften the effect of mymarking roll and to give to the impressionsmade upon the paper web anappearance resembling a fabric weave, it is desirable to cover the outersurface of the marking roll with one or more layers of textile fabric,such as muslin or the like, K, as illustratedin Figs. 2 and 4 of thedrawing. The fabric K after being wrapped around the roll will have itsends suitably fastened to prevent it slipping or working loose. Ifpreferred the fabric cover K may made in tubular form. so as to beslipped over the end of the roll and shrunk thereon.

Aside from the fact that a marking roll constructed in accordance withmy invention has an initial cost far below that of a metal marking rollvf ythe usual design, the marking roll of my invention may be used indirect contact with the web of paper to be marked, thereby accomplishinga much more satisfactory impression of the v design upon the paper. Inaddition, there are a number of important economical advantagesresulting from the use of my invention. Since the marking roll of myinvention need not be wrapped or encircled by a sheet of fabric the costincident thereto is avoided as well as the delays incident tore-wrapping the marking rolls.

In describing the form of the invention illustrated in the drawing, Ihave referred to the layers of rubber that encircle the body of themarking roll as being preferably" continuous tubes or sleeves. Inpractice each of these tubes or sleeves is preferably formed by wrappinga sheet of rubber vabout the periphery of the body of the roll, the lapedges of the sheet being scarfed and united by rubber cement so that inthe subsequent vulcanizing operation each sheet becomes in eect acontinuous tube.l

While the density or plasticity of the layers or to compensate for anyspringing of the mark- `ing roll, particularly if this roll be a verylong one,

and so maintain it under variations in temperavaried within wide limits,and while theexpressions hard rubber and soft rubber will sulficientlydefine, to those skilled in the art, the dif ference betweenthecharacter of the layers or covers, I may state that I have found inpractice that a very satisfactory density or plasticity for the severallayers or covers may be somewhat as follows, viz.: For thejinnermosthard rubber layer or cover of the marking roll, the density -orplasticity as measured by the familiar Pusey 8: Jones plastometer usinga .125 bali is approximately 0/100 mm.; while. the density or'plasticityof the outermost hard rubber sheet or cover is between /100 to 15/100mm.: and the density or plasticity of the intermediate sheet or cover ofsoft rubber is somewhat in excess of 80/ 100mm.

I claim the following as my invention:

l. In combination, a drying cylinderof a paper making machine, and amarking roll arranged to be forced toward said cylinder so as todirectly engage and compress a web of paper manufactured by said papermaking machine between said drying cylinder and said marking roll toaccomplish an ornamental marking thereof, said marking roll comprising:a rigid core, a continuous, single, one-piece outer sleeve-like layer ofhard rubber, and means resiliently supporting said outer sleeve-likelayer relatively to said core, said means including a cushioning layerof relatively soft rubber interposed lbetween said core and said outersleeve-like layer; the outer surface of said outer sleeve-'like layerbeing finished'concentric with respect to the axis of rotation of saidmarking roll, as by a grinding operation, said marking roll and dryingcylinder being relatively crowned so as to maintain -a substantiallyuniform nip pressure across a web of paper, portions of the material ofysaid outer ground surface being removed, as by an engraving operation,so as to leave lands which constitute a design that it is desired toimpart to a web of paper during a marking operation thereon, said landsbeing sunlciently rigid toeffect a desired marking and being suicientlyresilient to avoid injuring a web of paper when used in direct contacttherewith during a marking operation.

2.I In combination, a drying cylinder of a paper making machine, and amarking roll arranged to be forced towards said cylinder so as todirectly compress a web of paper manufactured by said paper makingmachine between said drying cylinder and said marking roll to accomplishan ornamental marking thereof, said marking roll comprising a generallycylindrical, relatively rigid core, a continuous, single, one-pieceouter sleevelike layer of hard rubber, and means resiliently supportingsaid outer sleeve-like layer relatively to said core including acushioning layer of relatively soft rubber interposed between said coreished concentric with respect to the axis of rotation of said markingroll, as by a grinding operation, and being crowned sufilciently tomaintain uniform nip pressure across a web of paper, portions of thematerial of said' outer ground surface being removed, as by an engravingoperation, so as to leave lands which constitute a design that it isdesired to impart toar web of paper during a marking operation thereon,said lands being suciently rigid to eect a desired marking and beingsuiiciently resilient to avoid injuring a web of paper when used indirect contact therewith during a marking operation.

3. In a paper making machine suitable for the manufacture of watermarked paper, the combination of a drying cylinder, and a marking rollfor directly engaging and pressing a web of paper against said dryingcylinder with sufficient pressure to impart an ornamental markingthereto, said marking roll being of multi-layer, crowned, constructionand comprising: a rigid, rotatable central support which is generallycylindrical in form, a continuous, single, one-piece outer sleevelikelayer of hard rubber which is ground concentric to the axis of rotationof said central support and which-has a design engraved therein that itis desired to impart to a web of paper, and

means attaching said outer sleeve-like layer tcl single, one-piecesleeveof hard rubber, and a cushioning sleeve of relatively soft rubberarranged intermediate said inner layer and Said outer sleeve of hardrubber and vulcanized to each, said outer sleeve having portions of thematerial of its outer face removed, as by an en` graving operation, toform lands which constitute a design that it is desired to impart tosaid web of paper.

5. I n combination, a drying cylinder of a, paper making machine, and amarking roll for directly engaging and pressing a web of paper againstsaid drying cylinder with sufficient pressure to impart an' ornamentalmarking thereto, said marking roll comprising a rigid core, an innersleeve-like layer of hard rubber having a density or plasticity ofapproximately 100 mm. (as measured by a Pusey & Jones plastometer havinga 0.125" ball) `secured to said core, an outer generally cylindricalcontinuous, single, one-piece sleeve of hard rubber having a density orplasticity of between 5/100 to 15/ 100 mm., and a cushioning sleeve ofrelatively soft rubber having a hardness or density in excess of 80/ 100mm. arranged intermediate said inner layer and said outer sleeve of hardrubber and vulcanized to each, said outer sleeve having portions of thematerial of its outer face removed, as by an engraving operation, toform lands which constitute a design that it isl desired to impart tosaid web of paper.

CHARLES R. SEABORNE.

